{"id":6114,"date":"2020-06-24T06:56:25","date_gmt":"2020-06-24T11:56:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/esterlund.com\/blog\/?p=6114"},"modified":"2020-06-24T06:56:25","modified_gmt":"2020-06-24T11:56:25","slug":"implications-of-worldwide-population-growth-for-u-s-security-and-overseas-interests-the-kissinger-report","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/esterlund.com\/blog\/implications-of-worldwide-population-growth-for-u-s-security-and-overseas-interests-the-kissinger-report\/","title":{"rendered":"Implications of Worldwide Population Growth For U.S. Security and Overseas Interests (THE KISSINGER REPORT)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/pdf.usaid.gov\/pdf_docs\/PCAAB500.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Moderation of population growth offers benefits in terms of resources saved for
\ninvestment and\/or higher per capita consumption. If resource requirements to support fewer
\nchildren are reduced and the funds now allocated for construction of schools, houses, hospitals
\nand other essential facilities are invested in productive activities, the impact on the growth of
\nGNP and per capita income may be significant. In addition, economic and social progress
\nresulting from population control will further contribute to the decline in fertility rates. The
\nrelationship is reciprocal, and can take the form of either a vicious or a virtuous circle.<\/p>\n

This raises the question of how much more efficient expenditures for population control
\nmight be than in raising production through direct investments in additional irrigation and power
\nprojects and factories. While most economists today do not agree with the assumptions that went
\ninto early overly optimistic estimates of returns to population expenditures, there is general
\nagreement that up to the point when cost per acceptor rises rapidly, family planning expenditures
\nare generally considered the best investment a country can make in its own future.
\nII Impact of Population Growth on Economic Development
\nIn most, if not all, developing countries high fertility rates impose substantial economic
\ncosts and restrain economic growth. The main adverse macroeconomic effects may be analyzed
\nin three general categories: (1) the saving effect, (2) “child quality” versus “child quantity”, and
\n(3) “capital deepening” versus “capital widening.” These three categories are not mutually
\nexclusive, but they highlight different familial and social perspectives. In addition, there are often
\nlonger-run adverse effects on agricultural output and the balance of payments.
\n(1) The saving effect. A high fertility economy has perforce a larger “burden of
\ndependency” than a low fertility economy, because a larger proportion of the population consists
\nof children too young to work. There are more non-working people to feed, house and rear, and
\nthere is a smaller surplus above minimum consumption available for savings and investment. It
\nfollows that a lower fertility rate can free resources from consumption; if saved and invested,
\nthese resources could contribute to economic growth. (There is much controversy on this;
\nempirical studies of the savings effect have produced varying results.)
\n(2) Child quality versus quantity. Parents make investment decisions, in a sense, about
\ntheir children. Healthier and better-educated children tend to be economically more productive,
\nboth as children and later as adults. In addition to the more-or-less conscious trade- offs parents
\ncan make about more education and better health per child, there are certain biologic adverse
\neffects suffered by high birth order children such as higher mortality and limited brain growth
\ndue to higher incidence of malnutrition. It must be emphasized, however, that discussion of
\ntrade-offs between child quality and child quantity will probably remain academic with regard to
\ncountries where child mortality remains high. When parents cannot expect most children to
\nsurvive to old age, they probably will continue to “over-compensate”, using high fertility as a
\nform of hedge to insure that they will have some living offspring able to support the parents in
\nthe distant future.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

https:\/\/pdf.usaid.gov\/pdf_docs\/PCAAB500.pdf Moderation of population growth offers benefits in terms of resources saved for investment and\/or higher per capita consumption. If resource requirements to support fewer children are reduced and the funds now allocated for construction of schools, houses, hospitals and other essential facilities are invested in productive activities, the impact on the growth of GNP … Continue reading Implications of Worldwide Population Growth For U.S. Security and Overseas Interests (THE KISSINGER REPORT)<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[23,39],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/esterlund.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6114"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/esterlund.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/esterlund.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/esterlund.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/esterlund.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6114"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/esterlund.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6114\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6117,"href":"https:\/\/esterlund.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6114\/revisions\/6117"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/esterlund.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6114"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/esterlund.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6114"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/esterlund.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6114"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}